18 U.S.C. § 1864 : US Code - Section 1864: Hazardous or injurious devices on Federal lands

Search 18 U.S.C. § 1864 : US Code - Section 1864: Hazardous or injurious devices on Federal lands

(a) Whoever -
(1) with the intent to violate the Controlled Substances Act,
(2) with the intent to obstruct or harass the harvesting of
timber, or
(3) with reckless disregard to the risk that another person
will be placed in danger of death or bodily injury and under
circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to such risk,
uses a hazardous or injurious device on Federal land, on an Indian
reservation, or on an Indian allotment while the title to such
allotment is held in trust by the United States or while such
allotment remains inalienable by the allottee without the consent
of the United States shall be punished under subsection (b).
(b) An individual who violates subsection (a) shall -
(1) if death of an individual results, be fined under this
title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both;
(2) if serious bodily injury to any individual results, be
fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 40 years,
or both;
(3) if bodily injury to any individual results, be fined under
this title or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both;
(4) if damage to the property of any individual results or if
avoidance costs have been incurred exceeding $10,000, in the
aggregate, be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more
than 20 years, or both; and
(5) in any other case, be fined under this title or imprisoned
for not more than one year.
(c) Any individual who is punished under subsection (b)(5) after
one or more prior convictions under any such subsection shall be
fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or
both.
(d) As used in this section -
(1) the term "serious bodily injury" means bodily injury which
involves -
(A) a substantial risk of death;
(B) extreme physical pain;
(C) protracted and obvious disfigurement; and
(D) protracted loss or impairment of the function of bodily
member, organ, or mental faculty;
(2) the term "bodily injury" means -
(A) a cut, abrasion, bruise, burn, or disfigurement;
(B) physical pain;
(C) illness;
(D) impairment of the function of a bodily member, organ, or
mental faculty; or
(E) any other injury to the body, no matter how temporary;
(3) the term "hazardous or injurious device" means a device,
which when assembled or placed, is capable of causing bodily
injury, or damage to property, by the action of any person making
contact with such device subsequent to the assembly or placement.
Such term includes guns attached to trip wires or other
triggering mechanisms, ammunition attached to trip wires or other
triggering mechanisms, or explosive devices attached to trip
wires or other triggering mechanisms, sharpened stakes, lines or
wires, lines or wires with hooks attached, nails placed so that
the sharpened ends are positioned in an upright manner, or tree
spiking devices including spikes, nails, or other objects
hammered, driven, fastened, or otherwise placed into or on any
timber, whether or not severed from the stump; and
(4) the term "avoidance costs" means costs incurred by any
individual for the purpose of -
(A) detecting a hazardous or injurious device; or
(B) preventing death, serious bodily injury, bodily injury,
or property damage likely to result from the use of a hazardous
or injurious device in violation of subsection (a).
(e) Any person injured as the result of a violation of subsection
(a) may commence a civil action on his own behalf against any
person who is alleged to be in violation of subsection (a). The
district courts shall have jurisdiction, without regard to the
amount in controversy or the citizenship of the parties, in such
civil actions. The court may award, in addition to monetary damages
for any injury resulting from an alleged violation of subsection
(a), costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney and expert
witness fees, to any prevailing or substantially prevailing party,
whenever the court determines such award is appropriate.