Notes on 22 U.S.C. § 2101 : US Code - Notes

Search Notes on 22 U.S.C. § 2101 : US Code - Notes

(Pub. L. 86-610, Sec. 2, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 364.)
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this
joint resolution", which enacted this chapter and section 308 of
the Public Health Service Act (act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat.
682). Such section 308 was redesignated section 307 by Pub. L. 93-
353, July 23, 1974, title I, Sec. 106, 88 Stat. 367, and is
classified to section 242l of Title 42, The Public Health and
Welfare.
RECITAL
Pub. L. 86-610 provided that:
"Whereas it is recognized that disease and disability are the
common enemies of all nations and peoples, and that the means,
methods, and techniques for combating and abating the ravages of
disease and disability and for improving the health and health
standards of man should be sought and shared, without regard to
national boundaries and divisions; and
"Whereas advances in combating and abating disease and in the
positive promotion of human health can be stimulated by supporting
and encouraging cooperation among scientists, research workers, and
teachers on an international basis, with consequent benefit to the
health of our people and of all peoples; and
"Whereas there already exist tested means for international
cooperation in matters relating to health, including the World
Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, and the
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), with which the United
States is identified and associated, and it is highly desirable
that the United States establish domestic machinery for the maximum
mobilization of its health research resources, the more efficiently
to cooperate with and support the research, research-training and
research-planning endeavors of such international organizations:
Therefore be it * * *".
SHORT TITLE
Section 1 of Pub. L. 86-610 provided that: "This joint resolution
[enacting this chapter and section 242l of Title 42, The Public
Health and Welfare] may be cited as the 'International Health
Research Act of 1960'."
SWINE INFLUENZA STUDY
Pub. L. 94-302, title III, Sec. 301, May 31, 1976, 90 Stat. 596,
provided that:
"(a) The Congress finds and declares that -
"(1) the problems posed by swine influenza transcend national
and political boundaries;
"(2) no one country, or even one portion of the world, can
singularly undertake the search for a worldwide solution to the
problems posed by swine influenza;
"(3) the global nature of swine influenza demands international
cooperation and coordination in the investigation and planning
for effective control of swine influenza;
"(4) the Public Health Service of the United States has invited
the World Health Organization of the United Nations and its
International Influenza Reference Centers to participate in the
investigation and planning for the control of swine influenza;
"(5) special collaboration has already been established among
the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada for mutual
participation in the investigation and planning for the control
of swine influenza;
"(6) the United States Department of State and the Public
Health Service of the United States have joint programs to
provide information to foreign countries on the nature and extent
of swine influenza and the methods necessary to control it; and
"(7) the technology of the United States for the surveillance
of virus disease and vaccine production should be made available
to foreign countries.
"(b) It is the sense of the Congress that the President should
furnish assistance to foreign countries and international
organizations for the investigation and planning for the control of
swine influenza."
EX. ORD. NO. 13193. FEDERAL LEADERSHIP ON GLOBAL TOBACCO CONTROL
AND PREVENTION
Ex. Ord. No. 13193, Jan. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 7387, provided:
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution
and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered
as follows:
Section 1. Policy. It shall be the policy of the executive branch
to take strong action to address the potential global epidemic of
diseases caused by tobacco use. The executive branch shall
undertake activities to increase its capacity to address global
tobacco prevention and control issues through coordinated domestic
action, limited bilateral assistance to individual nations, and
support to multilateral organizations. International activities
shall be directed towards deterring children from tobacco use,
protecting nonsmokers, and providing information about the adverse
health effects of tobacco use and the health benefits of cessation.
Sec. 2. Responsibilities of Federal Departments and Agencies. (a)
Tobacco Trade Policy. In the implementation of international trade
policy, executive departments and agencies shall not promote the
sale or export of tobacco or tobacco products, or seek the
reduction or removal of foreign government restrictions on the
marketing and advertising of such products, provided that such
restrictions are applied equally to all tobacco or tobacco products
of the same type. Departments and agencies are not precluded from
taking necessary actions in accordance with the requirements and
remedies available under applicable United States trade laws and
international agreements to ensure nondiscriminatory treatment of
United States products. Nothing in this Executive Order shall be
construed (1) to modify the annual executive branch guidance to
United States diplomatic posts on health, trade, and commercial
aspects of tobacco, or (2) to affect any negotiating position of
the United States on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
(b) The Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Role in
Tobacco Trade Policy Deliberations. The HHS shall be included in
all deliberations of interagency working groups, chaired by the
United States Trade Representative (USTR), that address issues
relating to trade in tobacco and tobacco products. Through such
participation, HHS shall advise the USTR, and other interested
Federal agencies, of the potential public health impact of any
tobacco-related trade action that is under consideration. Upon
conclusion of a trade agreement that includes provisions
specifically addressing tobacco or tobacco products, the USTR shall
produce and make publicly available a summary describing those
provisions.
(c) International Tobacco Control Needs Assessment. The HHS, with
the cooperation of the Departments of State, Commerce, and
Agriculture, and in consultation with the appropriate national
Ministry of Health, shall conduct a pilot assessment of tobacco use
in a country other than the United States. Such assessment will be
carried out through a compilation and review of surveys and other
needs assessments already available and include:
(1) initial estimates of the burden of disease and other public
health consequences of tobacco use;
(2) the status of tobacco control regulatory measures in place to
curtail tobacco consumption and tobacco related disease; and
(3) an analysis of the marketing, distribution, and manufacturing
practices of tobacco companies in given regions, and the impact of
those practices on smoking rates, particularly among women and
children. Such assessment shall be prepared and provided to
interested agencies and other parties not later than December 31,
2001, and be updated as practicable.
(d) Research and Training in Tobacco Control. The HHS will
develop a research and training program linking institutions in the
United States and certain other countries in the field of tobacco
control. Emphasis will be placed on the collection of standardized
and comparable surveillance data; networks for communication,
information and best practices; and the development and evaluation
of culturally-targeted approaches to preventing tobacco use and
increasing quit rates, especially among women and children.
Sec. 3. General. (a) Executive departments and agencies shall
carry out the provisions of this order to the extent permitted by
law and consistent with their statutory and regulatory authorities
and their enforcement mechanisms.
(b) This order clarifies and strengthens Administration policy
and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or
procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United
States, its officers or employees, or any other person.
William J. Clinton.