22 U.S.C. § 2151d : US Code - Section 2151D: Development of indigenous energy resources

Search 22 U.S.C. § 2151d : US Code - Section 2151D: Development of indigenous energy resources

(a) Congressional statement of findings
(1)(A) The Congress finds that energy development and production
are vital elements in the development process, that energy
shortages in developing countries severely limit the development
process in such countries, that two-thirds of the developing
countries which import oil depend on it for at least 90 percent of
the energy which their economies require, and that the dramatic
increase in world oil prices since 1973 has resulted in
considerable economic hardship for many developing countries. The
Congress is concerned that the value and purpose of much of the
assistance provided to developing countries under sections 2151a,
2151b, and 2151c of this title are undermined by the inability of
many developing countries to satisfy their energy requirements.
Unless the energy deficit of the developing countries can be
narrowed by more fully exploiting indigenous sources of energy such
as oil, natural gas, and coal, scarce foreign exchange will
increasingly have to be diverted to oil imports, primarily to the
detriment of long-term development and economic growth.
(B) The Congress recognizes that many developing countries lack
access to the financial resources and technology necessary to
locate, explore, and develop indigenous energy resources.
(C) The Congress declares that there is potential for at least a
moderate increase by 1990 in the production of energy for
commercial use in the developing countries which are not members of
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In addition,
there is a compelling need for vigorous efforts to improve the
available data on the location, scale, and commercial
exploitability of potential oil, natural gas, and coal reserves in
developing countries, especially those which are not members of the
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The Congress further
declares that there are many benefits to be gained by the
developing countries and by the United States and other developed
countries through expanded efforts to expedite the location,
exploration, and development of potential sources of energy in
developing countries. These benefits include, but are not limited
to, the following:
(i) The world's energy supply would be increased and the fear
of abrupt depletion would be lessened with new energy production.
This could have a positive impact upon energy prices in
international markets as well as a positive effect upon the
balance of payments problems of many developing countries.
(ii) Diversification of the world's supplies of energy from
fossil fuels would make all countries, developing and developed,
less susceptible to supply interruptions and arbitrary production
and pricing policies.
(iii) Even a moderate increase in energy production in the
developing countries would improve their ability to expand
commercial trade, foreign investment, and technology transfer
possibilities with the United States and other developed
countries.
(D) Assistance for the production of energy from indigenous
resources, as authorized by subsection (b) of this section, would
be of direct benefit to the poor in developing countries because of
the overwhelming impact of imported energy costs upon the lives of
the poor and their ability to participate in development.
(2) The Congress also finds that energy production from
renewable, decentralized sources and energy conservation are vital
elements in the development process. Inadequate access by the poor
to energy sources as well as the prospect of depleted fossil fuel
reserves and higher energy prices require an enhanced effort to
expand the energy resources of developing countries through greater
emphasis on renewable sources. Renewable and decentralized energy
technologies have particular applicability for the poor, especially
in rural areas.
(b) General assistance authority; cooperative programs in energy
production and conservation; program goals
(1) In order to help developing countries alleviate their energy
problems by improving their ability to use indigenous energy
resources to produce the energy needed by their economies, the
President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and
conditions as he may determine, to enable such countries to prepare
for and undertake development of their energy resources. Such
assistance may include data collection and analysis, the training
of skilled personnel, research on and development of suitable
energy sources, and pilot projects to test new methods of energy
production.
(2) The President is authorized to furnish assistance under this
part for cooperative programs with developing countries in energy
production and conservation, through research on and development
and use of small-scale, decentralized, renewable energy sources for
rural areas carried out as integral parts of rural development
efforts in accordance with section 2151a of this title. Such
programs shall also be directed toward the earliest practicable
development and use of energy technologies which are
environmentally acceptable, require minimum capital investment, are
most acceptable to and affordable by the people using them, are
simple and inexpensive to use and maintain, and are transferable
from one region of the world to another. Such programs may include
research on and the development, demonstration, and application of
suitable energy technologies (including use of wood); analysis of
energy uses, needs, and resources; training and institutional
development; and scientific interchange.
(c) Administrative coordination of planning and implementation of
programs
The agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I
of this chapter and the Department of Energy shall coordinate with
one another, to the maximum extent possible, the planning and
implementation of energy programs under this part.
(d) Assistance for programs of technical cooperation and
development, research, etc.
The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms
and conditions as he may determine, for the following activities,
to the extent that such activities are not authorized by sections
2151a, 2151b, and 2151c of this title:
(1) programs of technical cooperation and development,
particularly the development efforts of United States private and
voluntary agencies and regional and international development
organizations;
(2) programs of research into, and evaluation of, the process
of economic development in less developed countries and areas,
into the factors affecting the relative success and costs of
development activities, and into the means, techniques, and such
other aspects of development assistance as the President may
determine in order to render such assistance of increasing value
and benefit;
(3) programs of reconstruction following natural or manmade
disasters and programs of disaster preparedness, including the
prediction of and contingency planning for natural disasters
abroad;
(4) programs designed to help solve special development
problems in the poorest countries and to make possible proper
utilization of infrastructure and related projects funded with
earlier United States assistance; and
(5) programs of urban development, with particular emphasis on
small, labor intensive enterprises, marketing systems for small
producers, and financial and other institutions which enable the
urban poor to participate in the economic and social development
of their country.
(e) Authorization of appropriations
(1) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for
purposes of this section, in addition to funds otherwise available
for such purposes, $207,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and
$207,000,000 for fiscal year 1987.
(2) Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to
remain available until expended.
(f) Financing cooperative projects among United States, Israel, and
developing countries
Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this
part, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $5,000,000 for fiscal
year 1987 shall be used to finance cooperative projects among the
United States, Israel, and developing countries.