26 U.S.C. § 63 : US Code - Section 63: Taxable income defined

Search 26 U.S.C. § 63 : US Code - Section 63: Taxable income defined

(a) In general
Except as provided in subsection (b), for purposes of this
subtitle, the term "taxable income" means gross income minus the
deductions allowed by this chapter (other than the standard
deduction).
(b) Individuals who do not itemize their deductions
In the case of an individual who does not elect to itemize his
deductions for the taxable year, for purposes of this subtitle, the
term "taxable income" means adjusted gross income, minus -
(1) the standard deduction, and
(2) the deduction for personal exemptions provided in section
151.
(c) Standard deduction
For purposes of this subtitle -
(1) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term
"standard deduction" means the sum of -
(A) the basic standard deduction, and
(B) the additional standard deduction.
(2) Basic standard deduction
For purposes of paragraph (1), the basic standard deduction is -

(A) 200 percent of the dollar amount in effect under
subparagraph (C) for the taxable year in the case of -
(i) a joint return, or
(ii) a surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
(B) $4,400 in the case of a head of household (as defined in
section 2(b)), or
(C) $3,000 in any other case.
(3) Additional standard deduction for aged and blind
For purposes of paragraph (1), the additional standard
deduction is the sum of each additional amount to which the
taxpayer is entitled under subsection (f).
(4) Adjustments for inflation
In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year
after 1988, each dollar amount contained in paragraph (2)(B),
(2)(C), or (5) or subsection (f) shall be increased by an amount
equal to -
(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by
(B) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section
1(f)(3) for the calendar year in which the taxable year begins,
by substituting for "calendar year 1992" in subparagraph (B)
thereof -
(i) "calendar year 1987" in the case of the dollar amounts
contained in paragraph (2)(B), (2)(C), or (5)(A) or
subsection (f), and
(ii) "calendar year 1997" in the case of the dollar amount
contained in paragraph (5)(B).
(5) Limitation on basic standard deduction in the case of certain
dependents
In the case of an individual with respect to whom a deduction
under section 151 is allowable to another taxpayer for a taxable
year beginning in the calendar year in which the individual's
taxable year begins, the basic standard deduction applicable to
such individual for such individual's taxable year shall not
exceed the greater of -
(A) $500, or
(B) the sum of $250 and such individual's earned income.
(6) Certain individuals, etc., not eligible for standard
deduction
In the case of -
(A) a married individual filing a separate return where
either spouse itemizes deductions,
(B) a nonresident alien individual,
(C) an individual making a return under section 443(a)(1) for
a period of less than 12 months on account of a change in his
annual accounting period, or
(D) an estate or trust, common trust fund, or partnership,
the standard deduction shall be zero.
(d) Itemized deductions
For purposes of this subtitle, the term "itemized deductions"
means the deductions allowable under this chapter other than -
(1) the deductions allowable in arriving at adjusted gross
income, and
(2) the deduction for personal exemptions provided by section
151.
(e) Election to itemize
(1) In general
Unless an individual makes an election under this subsection
for the taxable year, no itemized deduction shall be allowed for
the taxable year. For purposes of this subtitle, the
determination of whether a deduction is allowable under this
chapter shall be made without regard to the preceding sentence.
(2) Time and manner of election
Any election under this subsection shall be made on the
taxpayer's return, and the Secretary shall prescribe the manner
of signifying such election on the return.
(3) Change of election
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, a change of
election with respect to itemized deductions for any taxable year
may be made after the filing of the return for such year. If the
spouse of the taxpayer filed a separate return for any taxable
year corresponding to the taxable year of the taxpayer, the
change shall not be allowed unless, in accordance with such
regulations -
(A) the spouse makes a change of election with respect to
itemized deductions, for the taxable year covered in such
separate return, consistent with the change of treatment sought
by the taxpayer, and
(B) the taxpayer and his spouse consent in writing to the
assessment (within such period as may be agreed on with the
Secretary) of any deficiency, to the extent attributable to
such change of election, even though at the time of the filing
of such consent the assessment of such deficiency would
otherwise be prevented by the operation of any law or rule of
law.
This paragraph shall not apply if the tax liability of the
taxpayer's spouse for the taxable year corresponding to the
taxable year of the taxpayer has been compromised under section
7122.
(f) Aged or blind additional amounts
(1) Additional amounts for the aged
The taxpayer shall be entitled to an additional amount of $600 -

(A) for himself if he has attained age 65 before the close of
his taxable year, and
(B) for the spouse of the taxpayer if the spouse has attained
age 65 before the close of the taxable year and an additional
exemption is allowable to the taxpayer for such spouse under
section 151(b).
(2) Additional amount for blind
The taxpayer shall be entitled to an additional amount of $600 -

(A) for himself if he is blind at the close of the taxable
year, and
(B) for the spouse of the taxpayer if the spouse is blind as
of the close of the taxable year and an additional exemption is
allowable to the taxpayer for such spouse under section 151(b).
For purposes of subparagraph (B), if the spouse dies during the
taxable year the determination of whether such spouse is blind
shall be made as of the time of such death.
(3) Higher amount for certain unmarried individuals
In the case of an individual who is not married and is not a
surviving spouse, paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be applied by
substituting "$750" for "$600".
(4) Blindness defined
For purposes of this subsection, an individual is blind only if
his central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better
eye with correcting lenses, or if his visual acuity is greater
than 20/200 but is accompanied by a limitation in the fields of
vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends
an angle no greater than 20 degrees.
(g) Marital status
For purposes of this section, marital status shall be determined
under section 7703.