Notes on 28 U.S.C. § 1 : US Code - Notes

Search Notes on 28 U.S.C. § 1 : US Code - Notes

(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Sec. 321 (Mar. 3, 1911, ch.
231, Sec. 215, 36 Stat. 1152).
Appointment of "judges of the Supreme Court" by the President by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate is provided by U.S.
Constitution art. 2, Sec. 2, cl. 2.
SHORT TITLE OF 2005 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 109-63, Sec. 1, Sept. 9, 2005, 119 Stat. 1993, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 48, 141, 152, and 636 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Federal Judiciary Emergency Special
Sessions Act of 2005'."
Pub. L. 109-8, title XII, Sec. 1223(a), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat.
196, provided that: "This section [amending section 152 of this
title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 152 of
this title] may be cited as the 'Bankruptcy Judgeship Act of
2005'."
Pub. L. 109-2, Sec. 1(a), Feb. 18, 2005, 119 Stat. 4, provided
that: "This Act [enacting chapter 114 and section 1453 of this
title, amending sections 1332, 1335, and 1603 of this title, and
enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1332, 1711,
2071, and 2074 of this title] may be cited as the 'Class Action
Fairness Act of 2005'."
SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 107-273, div. C, title I, Sec. 11020(a), Nov. 2, 2002,
116 Stat. 1826, provided that: "This section [enacting sections
1369, 1697, and 1785 of this title, amending sections 1391 and 1441
of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
section 1369 of this title] may be cited as the 'Multiparty,
Multiforum Trial Jurisdiction Act of 2002'."
Pub. L. 107-273, div. C, title I, Sec. 11041, Nov. 2, 2002, 116
Stat. 1848, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (Secs. 11041-
11044) of title I of div. C of Pub. L. 107-273, enacting chapter
16 of this title, amending sections 331, 332, 372, 375, and 604 of
this title, and section 7253 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, and
enacting provisions set out as a note under section 351 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Judicial Improvements Act of 2002'."
SHORT TITLE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106-518, Sec. 1(a), Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2410,
provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 179 and 613 of this
title, amending sections 117, 175, 332, 371, 376, 604, 611, 612,
627, 631, 636, 797, 996, 1865, 1930, and 2671 of this title,
sections 3102 and 5551 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees, section 1228 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, sections 3006A and
3401 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and section 13n of
former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, repealing
section 2520 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes
under sections 613, 996, and 1931 of this title, and amending
provisions set out as notes under sections 471, 581, and 1931 of
this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Courts Improvement Act of
2000'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1998 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 105-315, Sec. 1, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2993, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 651 to 658 of this title,
enacting provisions set out as notes under section 651 of this
title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 652
of this title] may be cited as the 'Alternative Dispute Resolution
Act of 1998'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 104-317, Sec. 1(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3847,
provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 258 and 1932 of this
title, amending sections 112, 125, 134, 251, 253, 331, 332, 371,
376, 601, 621, 627, 636, 753, 954, 1332, 1404, 1406, 1442, 1446,
1827, 1914, 1931, and 1963 of this title, sections 3154, 3401, and
3603 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 1983 and
1988 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 719,
743, 745, 1104, and 1105 of Title 45, Railroads, enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 258, 1332, 1404, 1827,
1914, 1931, and 2412 of this title and section 719 of Title 45, and
amending provisions set out as notes under sections 133, 152, 471,
and 1913 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Courts
Improvement Act of 1996'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 103-420, Sec. 1, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4343, provided
that: "This Act [amending section 612 of this title, amending
provisions set out as notes under sections 471 and 651 of this
title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 651
of this title] may be cited as the 'Judicial Amendments Act of
1994'."
Pub. L. 103-383, Sec. 1, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 4063, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 1738B of this title and
provisions set out as a note under section 1738B of this title] may
be cited as the 'Full Faith and Credit for Child Support Orders
Act'."
Pub. L. 103-270, Sec. 1, June 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 732, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 591 to 596 and 599 of this title
and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 591 of this
title and section 113 of Title 3, The President] may be cited as
the 'Independent Counsel Reauthorization Act of 1994'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1992 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 102-572, Sec. 1, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4506, provided
that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
'Federal Courts Administration Act of 1992'."
Pub. L. 102-572, title IX, Sec. 901, Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat.
4516, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification]
may be cited as the 'Court of Federal Claims Technical and
Procedural Improvements Act of 1992'."
Pub. L. 102-559, Sec. 1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4227, provided
that: "This Act [enacting chapter 178 of this title and provisions
set out as a note under section 3701 of this title] may be cited as
the 'Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act'."
Pub. L. 102-417, Sec. 1, Oct. 14, 1992, 106 Stat. 2138, provided
that: "This Act [amending section 1821 of this title and enacting
provisions set out as a note under section 1821 of this title] may
be cited as the 'Incarcerated Witness Fees Act of 1991'."
Pub. L. 102-361, Sec. 1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 965, provided
that: "This Act [amending section 152 of this title and enacting
provisions set out as a note under section 152 of this title] may
be cited as the 'Bankruptcy Judgeship Act of 1992'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 101-650, Sec. 1, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5089, provided:
"That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
'Judicial Improvements Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 101-650, title I, Sec. 101, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5089,
provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 23 of this title and
provisions set out as notes under section 471 of this title] may be
cited as the 'Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 101-650, title II, Sec. 201, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat.
5098, provided that: "This title [amending sections 44 and 133 of
this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
44, 133, and 331 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal
Judgeship Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 101-650, title III, Sec. 301, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat.
5104, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 178, 1367, and
1658 of this title and section 8440b of Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees, amending sections 108, 112, 122, 133,
152, 158, 332, 333, 375, 376, 377, 601, 602, 604, 631, 636, 995,
996, 1334, 1391, 1441, 1452, 1499, 1605, 1610, 1821, 1871, and 2072
of this title, sections 8331, 8334, 8336, 8339, and 8402 of Title
5, provisions set out in the Appendix to Title 5, and section 305
of Title 11, Bankruptcy, renumbering section 15 of Title 9,
Arbitration, as section 16 of Title 9, enacting provisions set out
as notes under sections 376, 620, 631, 1367, and 1658 of this
title, section 8331 of Title 5, section 307 of Title 11, and
sections 3006A and 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure,
and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 533 and 581
of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Courts Study Committee
Implementation Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 101-650, title IV, Sec. 401, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat.
5122, provided that: "This title [amending sections 332, 372, 453,
and 2077 of this title and provisions set out in the Appendix to
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 332 and 372 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Judicial Discipline and Removal Reform
Act of 1990'."
Pub. L. 101-647, title XXXVI, Sec. 3601, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat.
4933, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 176 and section
2044 of this title, amending sections 550, 1962, 1963, and 2410 of
this title, section 523 of Title 11, Bankruptcy, and sections 3142
and 3552 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting
provisions set out as a note under section 3001 of this title] may
be cited as the 'Federal Debt Collection Procedures Act of 1990'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 100-702, Sec. 1, Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4642, provided
that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
'Judicial Improvements and Access to Justice Act'."
Pub. L. 100-702, title VII, Sec. 701, Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat.
4654, provided that: "This title [amending section 1827 of this
title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1827
of this title] may be cited as the 'Court Interpreter Amendments
Act of 1988'."
Pub. L. 100-694, Sec. 1, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4563, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 831c-2 of Title 16, Conservation,
amending sections 2671, 2674, and 2679 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under sections 2671 and 2679 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Liability Reform and
Tort Compensation Act of 1988'."
Pub. L. 100-659, Sec. 1, Nov. 15, 1988, 102 Stat. 3910, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 377 of this title and section
8440a of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, amending
sections 155, 375, 376, 604, 631, and 636 of this title and
sections 8334 and 8402 of Title 5, and enacting provisions set out
as notes under sections 376 and 377 of this title] may be cited as
the 'Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and
Magistrates Act of 1988'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1987 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 100-191, Sec. 1, Dec. 15, 1987, 101 Stat. 1293, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 599 of this title, amending
sections 49 and 591 to 598 of this title, sections 203 and 205 of
Pub. L. 95-521, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees, and section 202 of Title 18, Crimes and
Criminal Procedure, enacting provisions set out as a note under
section 591 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a
note under section 591 of this title] may be cited as the
'Independent Counsel Reauthorization Act of 1987'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 99-657, Sec. 1, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3670, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 90 and 121 of this title and
enacting provisions set out as a note under section 121 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Judicial Housekeeping Act of 1986'."
Pub. L. 99-570, Sec. 1151, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-12,
provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (Secs. 1151-1153) of
title I of Pub. L. 99-570, amending section 524 of this title,
section 1963 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section
1613a of Title 19, Customs Duties, and section 853 of Title 21,
Food and Drugs, and repealing section 1613b of Title 19] may be
cited as the 'Department of Justice Assets Forfeiture Fund
Amendments Act of 1986'."
Pub. L. 99-363, Sec. 1, July 11, 1986, 100 Stat. 770, provided
that: "This Act [amending section 994 of this title] may be cited
as the 'Sentencing Guidelines Act of 1986'."
Pub. L. 99-336, Sec. 1, June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 633, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 376, 620, 1441, 1914, and 2342
of this title, section 288d of Title 2, The Congress, and sections
8706, 8714a, 8714b, and 8714c of Title 5, Government Organization
and Employees, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
sections 376, 620, 1441, 1914, and 2342 of this title, and section
8706 of Title 5] may be cited as the 'Judicial Improvements Act of
1985'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 98-620, title IV, Sec. 404, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3361,
provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (Secs. 404-411) of title
IV of Pub. L. 98-620, amending sections 85, 90, 93, 112, 124, and
126 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under
sections 85, 90, 93, and 124 of this title] may be cited as the
'Federal District Court Organization Act of 1984'."
Pub. L. 98-620, title IV, prec. Sec. 412, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat.
3362, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (Secs. 412-416) of
title IV of Pub. L. 98-620, enacting section 798 of this title,
amending section 1292 of this title, section 1071 of Title 15,
Commerce and Trade, section 1337 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and
sections 142 to 144 of Title 35, Patents, and enacting provisions
set out as notes under section 713 of this title and section 142 of
Title 35] may be cited as the 'Technical Amendments to the Federal
Courts Improvement Act of 1982'."
For short title of Pub. L. 98-353 as the Bankruptcy Amendments
and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, see section 1 of Pub. L. 98-353,
set out as a note under section 151 of this title.
SHORT TITLE OF 1983 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 97-409, Sec. 1, Jan. 3, 1983, 96 Stat. 2039, provided:
"That this Act [amending sections 49, 591, and 592 to 598 of this
title and amending provisions set out as a note under section 591
of this title] may be cited as the 'Ethics in Government Act
Amendments of 1982'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1982 AMENDMENTS
For short title of sections 2 to 6 of Pub. L. 97-394 as the
Indian Claims Limitation Act of 1982, see section 1 of Pub. L. 97-
394, set out as a note under section 2415 of this title.
Pub. L. 97-292, Sec. 1, Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1259, provided:
"That this Act [amending section 534 of this title] may be cited as
the 'Missing Children Act'."
Pub. L. 97-164, Sec. 1, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 25, provided:
"That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
'Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1980 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 96-486, Sec. 1, Dec. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 2369, provided:
"That this Act [amending section 1331 of this title and section
2072 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set
out as a note under section 1331 of this title] may be cited as the
'Federal Question Jurisdictional Amendments Act of 1980'."
Pub. L. 96-462, Sec. 1, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2053, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 84, 95, 105, 113, and 124 of
this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
84, 95, 105, and 113 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal
District Court Organization Act of 1980'."
Pub. L. 96-458, Sec. 1, Oct. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 2035, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 331, 332, 372, and 604 of this
title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 331 of
this title] may be cited as the 'Judicial Councils Reform and
Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980'."
Pub. L. 96-452, Sec. 1, Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1994, provided:
"That this Act [amending sections 41, 44, and 48 of this title and
enacting provisions set out as notes under section 41 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals
Reorganization Act of 1980'."
Pub. L. 96-417, Sec. 1, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1727, provided:
"That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the
'Customs Courts Act of 1980'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1979 AMENDMENT
For short title of Pub. L. 96-82, as the "Federal Magistrate Act
of 1979", see section 1 of Pub. L. 96-82, set out as a note under
section 631 of this title.
SHORT TITLE OF 1978 AMENDMENTS
For short title of Pub. L. 95-572 as the "Jury System
Improvements Act of 1978", see section 1 of Pub. L. 95-572, set out
as a note under section 1861 of this title.
Pub. L. 95-539, Sec. 1, Oct. 28, 1978, 92 Stat. 2040, provided:
"That this Act [enacting sections 1827 and 1828 of this title,
amending sections 602 to 604 and 1920 of this title, enacting
provisions set out as notes under section 602 of this title, and
repealing provisions set out as a note under section 602 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Court Interpreters Act'."
Pub. L. 95-408, Sec. 1, Oct. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 883, provided
that: "This Act [amending sections 89, 93, 97, 98, 104, 112, 114,
133 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under
section 89 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal District
Court Organization Act of 1978'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1976 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 94-583, Sec. 1, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2891, provided:
"That this Act [enacting sections 1330 and 1602 to 1611 of this
title, amending sections 1332, 1391, and 1441 of this title, and
enacting provisions set out as notes under section 1602 of this
title] may be cited as the 'Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of
1976'."
Pub. L. 94-554, Sec. 1, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2603, provided:
"That this Act [amending section 376 of this title and enacting
provisions set out as notes under section 376 of this title] may be
cited as the 'Judicial Survivors' Annuities Reform Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1970 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 91-271, title I, Sec. 101, June 2, 1970, 84 Stat. 274,
provided that: "This title [enacting sections 256 and 257 of this
title, amending sections 253 to 255, 1541, 1582, 2601, 2602, and
2631 to 2639 of this title, repealing sections 1583 and 2640 to
2642 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
section 256 of this title] may be cited as 'The Customs Courts Act
of 1970'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1966 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 89-504, title II, Sec. 201, July 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 293,
provided that: "This title [enacting provisions set out as notes
under sections 603, 604, and 753 of this title] may be cited as the
'Federal Judicial Salary Act of 1966'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1964 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 88-426, title IV, Sec. 401, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 433,
provided that: "This title [amending sections 5, 44, 135, 173, 213,
252, 603, and 792 of this title, section 867 of Title 10, Armed
Forces, section 68 of former Title 11, Bankruptcy, and section 7443
of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out
as notes under sections 603, 604 and 753 of this title] may be
cited as the 'Federal Judicial Salary Act of 1964'."
GIFTS TO THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
Pub. L. 108-356, Sec. 3, Oct. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 1416, provided
that: "The Chief Justice or his designee is authorized to accept,
hold, administer, and utilize gifts and bequests of personal
property pertaining to the history of the United States Supreme
Court or its justices, but gifts or bequests of money shall be
covered into the Treasury."