42 U.S.C. § 613 : US Code - Section 613: Research, evaluations, and national studies

Search 42 U.S.C. § 613 : US Code - Section 613: Research, evaluations, and national studies

(a) Research
The Secretary, directly or through grants, contracts, or
interagency agreements, shall conduct research on the benefits,
effects, and costs of operating different State programs funded
under this part, including time limits relating to eligibility for
assistance. The research shall include studies on the effects of
different programs and the operation of such programs on welfare
dependency, illegitimacy, teen pregnancy, employment rates, child
well-being, and any other area the Secretary deems appropriate. The
Secretary shall also conduct research on the costs and benefits of
State activities under section 607 of this title.
(b) Development and evaluation of innovative approaches to reducing
welfare dependency and increasing child well-being
(1) In general
The Secretary may assist States in developing, and shall
evaluate, innovative approaches for reducing welfare dependency
and increasing the well-being of minor children living at home
with respect to recipients of assistance under programs funded
under this part. The Secretary may provide funds for training and
technical assistance to carry out the approaches developed
pursuant to this paragraph.
(2) Evaluations
In performing the evaluations under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall, to the maximum extent feasible, use random
assignment as an evaluation methodology.
(c) Dissemination of information
The Secretary shall develop innovative methods of disseminating
information on any research, evaluations, and studies conducted
under this section, including the facilitation of the sharing of
information and best practices among States and localities through
the use of computers and other technologies.
(d) Annual ranking of States and review of most and least
successful work programs
(1) Annual ranking of States
The Secretary shall rank annually the States to which grants
are paid under section 603 of this title in the order of their
success in placing recipients of assistance under the State
program funded under this part into long-term private sector
jobs, reducing the overall welfare caseload, and, when a
practicable method for calculating this information becomes
available, diverting individuals from formally applying to the
State program and receiving assistance. In ranking States under
this subsection, the Secretary shall take into account the
average number of minor children living at home in families in
the State that have incomes below the poverty line and the amount
of funding provided each State for such families.
(2) Annual review of most and least successful work programs
The Secretary shall review the programs of the 3 States most
recently ranked highest under paragraph (1) and the 3 States most
recently ranked lowest under paragraph (1) that provide parents
with work experience, assistance in finding employment, and other
work preparation activities and support services to enable the
families of such parents to leave the program and become self-
sufficient.
(e) Annual ranking of States and review of issues relating to out-
of-wedlock births
(1) In general
The Secretary shall annually rank States to which grants are
made under section 603 of this title based on the following
ranking factors:
(A) Absolute out-of-wedlock ratios
The ratio represented by -
(i) the total number of out-of-wedlock births in families
receiving assistance under the State program under this part
in the State for the most recent year for which information
is available; over
(ii) the total number of births in families receiving
assistance under the State program under this part in the
State for the year.
(B) Net changes in the out-of-wedlock ratio
The difference between the ratio described in subparagraph
(A) with respect to a State for the most recent year for which
such information is available and the ratio with respect to the
State for the immediately preceding year.
(2) Annual review
The Secretary shall review the programs of the 5 States most
recently ranked highest under paragraph (1) and the 5 States most
recently ranked the lowest under paragraph (1).
(f) State-initiated evaluations
A State shall be eligible to receive funding to evaluate the
State program funded under this part if -
(1) the State submits a proposal to the Secretary for the
evaluation;
(2) the Secretary determines that the design and approach of
the evaluation is rigorous and is likely to yield information
that is credible and will be useful to other States; and
(3) unless otherwise waived by the Secretary, the State
contributes to the cost of the evaluation, from non-Federal
sources, an amount equal to at least 10 percent of the cost of
the evaluation.
(g) Report on circumstances of certain children and families
(1) In general
Beginning 3 years after August 22, 1996, the Secretary of
Health and Human Services shall prepare and submit to the
Committees on Ways and Means and on Education and the Workforce
of the House of Representatives and to the Committees on Finance
and on Labor and Resources of the Senate annual reports that
examine in detail the matters described in paragraph (2) with
respect to each of the following groups for the period after
August 22, 1996:
(A) Individuals who were children in families that have
become ineligible for assistance under a State program funded
under this part by reason of having reached a time limit on the
provision of such assistance.
(B) Children born after August 22, 1996, to parents who, at
the time of such birth, had not attained 20 years of age.
(C) Individuals who, after August 22, 1996, became parents
before attaining 20 years of age.
(2) Matters described
The matters described in this paragraph are the following:
(A) The percentage of each group that has dropped out of
secondary school (or the equivalent), and the percentage of
each group at each level of educational attainment.
(B) The percentage of each group that is employed.
(C) The percentage of each group that has been convicted of a
crime or has been adjudicated as a delinquent.
(D) The rate at which the members of each group are born, or
have children, out-of-wedlock, and the percentage of each group
that is married.
(E) The percentage of each group that continues to
participate in State programs funded under this part.
(F) The percentage of each group that has health insurance
provided by a private entity (broken down by whether the
insurance is provided through an employer or otherwise), the
percentage that has health insurance provided by an agency of
government, and the percentage that does not have health
insurance.
(G) The average income of the families of the members of each
group.
(H) Such other matters as the Secretary deems appropriate.
(h) Funding of studies and demonstrations
(1) In general
Out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not
otherwise appropriated, there are appropriated $15,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 1997 through 2002 for the purpose of paying -

(A) the cost of conducting the research described in
subsection (a) of this section;
(B) the cost of developing and evaluating innovative
approaches for reducing welfare dependency and increasing the
well-being of minor children under subsection (b) of this
section;
(C) the Federal share of any State-initiated study approved
under subsection (f) of this section; and
(D) an amount determined by the Secretary to be necessary to
operate and evaluate demonstration projects, relating to this
part, that are in effect or approved under section 1315 of this
title as of August 22, 1996, and are continued after such date.
(2) Allocation
Of the amount appropriated under paragraph (1) for a fiscal
year -
(A) 50 percent shall be allocated for the purposes described
in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1), and
(B) 50 percent shall be allocated for the purposes described
in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (1).
(3) Demonstrations of innovative strategies
The Secretary may implement and evaluate demonstrations of
innovative and promising strategies which -
(A) provide one-time capital funds to establish, expand, or
replicate programs;
(B) test performance-based grant-to-loan financing in which
programs meeting performance targets receive grants while
programs not meeting such targets repay funding on a prorated
basis; and
(C) test strategies in multiple States and types of
communities.
(i) Child poverty rates
(1) In general
Not later than May 31, 1998, and annually thereafter, the chief
executive officer of each State shall submit to the Secretary a
statement of the child poverty rate in the State as of August 22,
1996, or the date of the most recent prior statement under this
paragraph.
(2) Submission of corrective action plan
Not later than 90 days after the date a State submits a
statement under paragraph (1) which indicates that, as a result
of the amendments made by section 103 of the Personal
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996,
the child poverty rate of the State has increased by 5 percent or
more since the most recent prior statement under paragraph (1),
the State shall prepare and submit to the Secretary a corrective
action plan in accordance with paragraph (3).
(3) Contents of plan
A corrective action plan submitted under paragraph (2) shall
outline the manner in which the State will reduce the child
poverty rate in the State. The plan shall include a description
of the actions to be taken by the State under such plan.
(4) Compliance with plan
A State that submits a corrective action plan that the
Secretary has found contains the information required by this
subsection shall implement the corrective action plan until the
State determines that the child poverty rate in the State is less
than the lowest child poverty rate on the basis of which the
State was required to submit the corrective action plan.
(5) Methodology
The Secretary shall prescribe regulations establishing the
methodology by which a State shall determine the child poverty
rate in the State. The methodology shall take into account
factors including the number of children who receive free or
reduced-price lunches, the number of food stamp households, and,
to the extent available, county-by-county estimates of children
in poverty as determined by the Census Bureau.
(j) Evaluation of welfare-to-work programs
(1) Evaluation
The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Labor and
the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development -
(A) shall develop a plan to evaluate how grants made under
sections 603(a)(5) and 612(a)(3) of this title have been used;
(B) may evaluate the use of such grants by such grantees as
the Secretary deems appropriate, in accordance with an
agreement entered into with the grantees after good-faith
negotiations; and
(C) is urged to include the following outcome measures in the
plan developed under subparagraph (A):
(i) Placements in unsubsidized employment, and placements
in unsubsidized employment that last for at least 6 months.
(ii) Placements in the private and public sectors.
(iii) Earnings of individuals who obtain employment.
(iv) Average expenditures per placement.
(2) Reports to the Congress
(A) In general
Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the Secretary, in
consultation with the Secretary of Labor and the Secretary of
Housing and Urban Development, shall submit to the Congress
reports on the projects funded under section (!1) 603(a)(5) and
612(a)(3) of this title and on the evaluations of the projects.
(B) Interim report
Not later than January 1, 1999, the Secretary shall submit an
interim report on the matter described in subparagraph (A).
(C) Final report
Not later than January 1, 2001,(!2) (or at a later date, if
the Secretary informs the Committees of the Congress with
jurisdiction over the subject matter of the report) the
Secretary shall submit a final report on the matter described
in subparagraph (A).