Notes on 42 U.S.C. § 5601 : US Code - Notes

Search Notes on 42 U.S.C. § 5601 : US Code - Notes

(Pub. L. 93-415, title I, Sec. 101, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1109;
Pub. L. 96-509, Sec. 3, Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2750; Pub. L. 98-
473, title II, Sec. 611, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2107; Pub. L. 102-
586, Sec. 1(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 4982; Pub. L. 107-273,
div. C, title II, Sec. 12202, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1869.)
AMENDMENTS
2002 - Pub. L. 107-273 amended heading and text generally. Prior
to amendment, text read as follows:
"(a) The Congress hereby finds that -
"(1) juveniles accounted for almost half the arrests for
serious crimes in the United States in 1974 and for less than one-
third of such arrests in 1983;
"(2) recent trends show an upsurge in arrests of adolescents
for murder, assault, and weapon use;
"(3) the small number of youth who commit the most serious and
violent offenses are becoming more violent;
"(4) understaffed, overcrowded juvenile courts, prosecutorial
and public defender offices, probation services, and correctional
facilities and inadequately trained staff in such courts,
services, and facilities are not able to provide individualized
justice or effective help;
"(5) present juvenile courts, foster and protective care
programs, and shelter facilities are inadequate to meet the needs
of children, who, because of this failure to provide effective
services, may become delinquents;
"(6) existing programs have not adequately responded to the
particular problems of the increasing numbers of young people who
are addicted to or who abuse alcohol and other drugs,
particularly nonopiate or polydrug abusers;
"(7) juvenile delinquency can be reduced through programs
designed to keep students in elementary and secondary schools
through the prevention of unwarranted and arbitrary suspensions
and expulsions;
"(8) States and local communities which experience directly the
devastating failures of the juvenile justice system do not
presently have sufficient technical expertise or adequate
resources to deal comprehensively with the problems of juvenile
delinquency;
"(9) existing Federal programs have not provided the direction,
coordination, resources, and leadership required to meet the
crisis of delinquency;
"(10) the juvenile justice system should give additional
attention to the problem of juveniles who commit serious crimes,
with particular attention given to the areas of sentencing,
providing resources necessary for informed dispositions, and
rehabilitation;
"(11) emphasis should be placed on preventing youth from
entering the juvenile justice system to begin with; and
"(12) the incidence of juvenile delinquency can be reduced
through public recreation programs and activities designed to
provide youth with social skills, enhance self esteem, and
encourage the constructive use of discretionary time.
"(b) Congress finds further that the high incidence of
delinquency in the United States today results in enormous annual
cost and immeasurable loss of human life, personal security, and
wasted human resources and that juvenile delinquency constitutes a
growing threat to the national welfare requiring immediate and
comprehensive action by the Federal Government to reduce and
prevent delinquency."
1992 - Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 102-586, Sec. 1(a)(2), added
pars. (2) and (3). Former pars. (2) and (3) redesignated (4) and
(5), respectively.
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 102-586, Sec. 1(a)(1), (3), redesignated
par. (2) as (4) and inserted "prosecutorial and public defender
offices,". Former par. (4) redesignated (6).
Subsec. (a)(5) to (10). Pub. L. 102-586, Sec. 1(a)(1),
redesignated pars. (3) to (8) as (5) to (10), respectively.
Subsec. (a)(11), (12). Pub. L. 102-586, Sec. 1(a)(4)-(6), added
pars. (11) and (12).
1984 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 611(1), substituted
"accounted" for "account" and "in 1974 and for less than one-third
of such arrests in 1983" for "today".
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 611(2), inserted "and
inadequately trained staff in such courts, services, and
facilities".
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 611(3), struck out "the
countless, abandoned, and dependent" before "children, who".
Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 611(4), substituted
"reduced" for "prevented".
1980 - Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96-509, Sec. 3(1), inserted
reference to alcohol abuse.
Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 96-509, Sec. 3(2)-(4), added par. (8).
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 107-273, div. C, title II, Sec. 12223, Nov. 2, 2002, 116
Stat. 1896, as amended by Pub. L. 108-7, div. B, title I, Sec.
110(2), (3), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 67, provided that:
"(a) Effective Date. - Except as provided in subsection (b), this
subtitle [subtitle B (Secs. 12201-12223) of title II of div. C of
Pub. L. 107-273, see Short Title of 2002 Amendment note below] and
the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect on the
effective date provided in section 12102(b) [set out as a note
under section 3796ee of this title].
"(b) Application of Amendments. - The amendments made by this
subtitle shall apply only with respect to fiscal years beginning on
or after the effective date provided in subsection (a)."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7296, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat.
4463, as amended by Pub. L. 101-204, title X, Sec. 1001(d), Dec. 7,
1989, 103 Stat. 1827, provided that:
"(a) Effective Date. - Except as provided in subsection (b), this
subtitle [subtitle F (Secs. 7250-7296) of title VII of Pub. L. 100-
690, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note below] and the
amendments made by this Act [probably should be subtitle] shall
take effect on October 1, 1988.
"(b) Application of Amendments. - (1) The amendments made by
section 7258(a) [amending section 5633 of this title] shall not
apply to a State with respect to a fiscal year beginning before the
date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 1988] if the State plan
is approved before such date by the Administrator for such fiscal
year.
"(2) The amendments made by section 7253(b)(1) [amending section
5614 of this title] and section 7278 [enacting section 5732 of this
title] shall not apply with respect to fiscal year 1989.
"(3) Notwithstanding the 180-day period provided in -
"(A) section 207 of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5611 et seq.) [42 U.S.C. 5617],
as added by section 7255;
"(B) section 361 of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42
U.S.C. 5701 et seq.) [42 U.S.C. 5715], as redesignated by section
7273(e)(2) and amended by section 7274; and
"(C) section 404(a)(5) of the Missing Children's Assistance Act
(42 U.S.C. 5773(a)(5)), as amended by section 7285(a)(3);
the reports required by such sections to be submitted with respect
to fiscal year 1988 shall be submitted not later than August 1,
1989."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Section 670 of division II (Secs. 610-670) of chapter VI of title
II of Pub. L. 98-473 provided that:
"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this division and the
amendments made by this division [see Short Title of 1984 Amendment
note below] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this
joint resolution [Oct. 12, 1984] or October 1, 1984, whichever
occurs later.
"(b) Paragraph (2) of section 331(c) of the Runaway and Homeless
Youth Act, as added by section 657(d) of this division [section
5751(c)(2) of this title], shall not apply with respect to any
grant or payment made before the effective date of this joint
resolution [Oct. 12, 1984]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT
Section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93-415, as added by Pub. L. 95-115,
Sec. 6(d)(2), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1058, which provided that
except as otherwise provided by the Juvenile Justice Amendments of
1977 (see Short Title of 1977 Amendments note below), the
amendments made by the Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977 were to
take effect on Oct. 1, 1977, was repealed by Pub. L. 100-690, title
VII, Sec. 7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449.
EFFECTIVE DATE
Section 263(a), (b) of Pub. L. 93-415, as amended by Pub. L. 94-
273, Sec. 32(a), Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 95-115, Sec.
6(d)(1), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1058, which provided that (a)
except as provided by subsections (b) and (c) (set out as an
Effective Date of 1977 Amendment note above), the foregoing
provisions of such Act (enacting subchapters I and II of this
chapter and amending section 5108 of Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees) were to take effect on Sept. 7, 1974,
and that (b) section 5614(b)(5) and 5614(b)(6) of this title was to
become effective at the close of the thirty-first day of the
twelfth calendar month of 1974 and section 5614(l) of this title
was to become effective at the close of the thirtieth day of the
eleventh month of 1976, was repealed by Pub. L. 100-690, title VII,
Sec. 7266(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4449.
SHORT TITLE OF 2003 AMENDMENTS
Pub. L. 108-96, Sec. 1, Oct. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 1167, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 5752 of this title, amending
sections 5701, 5711, 5712, 5714-2, 5714-21, 5714-23, 5714-24,
5732a, 5751, 5771, 5773, and 5777 of this title, repealing section
5714-25 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes
under sections 5701 and 5714-1 of this title] may be cited as the
'Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 107-273, div. C, title II, Sec. 12201, Nov. 2, 2002, 116
Stat. 1869, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (Secs. 12201-
12223) of title II of div. C of Pub. L. 107-273, enacting
subchapter V of this chapter, parts C to E of subchapter II of this
chapter, and sections 5677 to 5681 of this title, redesignating
part J of subchapter II of this chapter as part F of subchapter II
of this chapter, amending this section and sections 5602, 5603,
5612, 5614, 5616, 5617, 5631 to 5633, 5671, 5672, 5674, 5675, 5773,
13002, 13003, 13013, and 13023 of this title, repealing parts C to
I of subchapter II of this chapter, and enacting provisions set out
as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1999 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106-71, Sec. 1, Oct. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1032, provided
that: "This Act [enacting sections 5714-25, 5714-41, 5731a, and
5732a of this title, amending sections 5701, 5711, 5712, 5713, 5714-
1 to 5714-21, 5714-23, 5714-24, 5714a to 5731, 5732, 5751 to 5773,
5775, and 5777 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a
note under section 7101 of Title 20, Education] may be cited as the
'Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children Protection Act'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1994 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 103-322, title XVII, Sec. 170301, Sept. 13, 1994, 108
Stat. 2043, provided that subtitle C (Secs. 170301-170303) of title
XVII of Pub. L. 103-322, which enacted section 5776a of this title,
amended sections 5777 and 5778 of this title, and enacted
provisions set out as a note under section 5776a of this title,
could be cited as the "Morgan P. Hardiman Task Force on Missing and
Exploited Children Act", prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105-314, title
VII, Sec. 703(g), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2989.
SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 100-690, title VII, Sec. 7250(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102
Stat. 4434, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle F (Secs. 7250-
7296) of title VII of Pub. L. 100-690, enacting sections 5617,
5662, 5665, 5665a, 5667, 5673 to 5676, 5712a to 5712c, 5714-1, 5714-
2, 5732, 5733, and 5778 of this title, amending sections 5603,
5611, 5614, 5616, 5631 to 5633, 5651 to 5654, 5659 to 5661, 5671,
5672, 5711 to 5714, 5714a, 5714b, 5715, 5716, 5731, 5751, 5773,
5775, 5776, and 5777 of this title and sections 5315 and 5316 of
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, repealing sections
5634 to 5639, 5656, 5657, and 5774 of this title, enacting
provisions set out as notes under this section and section 5617 of
this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this
section] may be cited as the 'Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention Amendments of 1988'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Section 610 of Pub. L. 98-473 provided that: "This Division
[division II (Secs. 610-670) of chapter VI of title II of Pub. L.
98-473, enacting sections 5714a, 5714b, and 5771 to 5777 of this
title, amending this section and sections 5602, 5603, 5611, 5612,
5614, 5616, 5632 to 5635, 5637, 5638, 5651, 5653, 5654, 5657, 5659,
5661, 5671, 5672, 5702, 5711 to 5714, and 5751 of this title,
repealing sections 5617, 5655, and 5741 of this title, and enacting
provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the
'Juvenile Justice, Runaway Youth, and Missing Children's Act
Amendments of 1984'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1980 AMENDMENT
Section 1 of Pub. L. 96-509 provided that: "This Act [enacting
section 5617 of this title, amending this section and sections
5602, 5603, 5611, 5612, 5614 to 5616, 5632 to 5634, 5637, 5638,
5651, 5654 to 5656, 5659 to 5661, 5671, 5672, 5711 to 5713, 5715,
and 5751 of this title, repealing former section 5617 and sections
5618 and 5619 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as
notes under this section and section 5633 of this title] may be
cited as the 'Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1980'."
SHORT TITLE OF 1977 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 95-115, Sec. 1, Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1048, provided
that: "This Act [enacting section 5741 of this title, amending
section 5316 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees,
sections 4351 and 5038 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure,
and sections 3723, 3767, 3811 to 3814, 3821, 3882, 3883, 3888,
3889, 5603, 5611, 5612, 5614 to 5618, 5631 to 5635, 5637 to 5639,
5651, 5653 to 5657, 5659 to 5661, 5671, 5672, 5711 to 5713, 5731,
and 5751 of this title, repealing sections 3821, 5658, and 5732 of
this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section
and sections 5632, 5633, and 5638 of this title, and amending
provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as
the 'Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977'."
SHORT TITLE
Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-415 provided: "That this Act [enacting
this chapter, sections 3772 to 3774, and 3821 of this title, and
sections 4351 to 4353, 5038 to 5042 of Title 18, Crimes and
Criminal Procedure, amending sections 3701, 3723, 3733, 3768, 3811
to 3814, 3882, 3883 and 3888 of this title, section 5108 of Title
5, Government Organization and Employees, and sections 5031 to 5037
of Title 18, and repealing section 3889 of this title] may be cited
as the 'Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974'."
Section 301 of title III of Pub. L. 93-415, as amended by Pub. L.
96-509, Sec. 18(b), Dec. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 2762, provided that:
"This title [enacting subchapter III of this chapter] may be cited
as the 'Runaway and Homeless Youth Act'."
Section 401 of title IV of Pub. L. 93-415, as added by Pub. L. 98-
473, title II, Sec. 660, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2125, as amended
by Pub. L. 101-204, title X, Sec. 1004(1), Dec. 7, 1990, 103 Stat.
1828, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter IV of this
chapter] may be cited as the 'Missing Children's Assistance Act'."
Section 501 of title V of Pub. L. 93-415, as added by Pub. L. 107-
273, div. C, title II, Sec. 12222(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat.
1894, provided that: "This title [enacting subchapter V of this
chapter] may be cited as the 'Incentive Grants for Local
Delinquency Prevention Programs Act of 2002'."
A prior section 501 of title V of Pub. L. 93-415, as added by
Pub. L. 102-586, Sec. 5(a), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5027, provided
that title V (enacting subchapter V of this chapter) could be cited
as the "Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention Programs
Act", prior to the general amendment of title V of Pub. L. 93-415
by Pub. L. 107-273, Sec. 12222(a).
Another section 501 of Pub. L. 93-415, title V, Sept. 7, 1974, 88
Stat. 1133, amended section 5031 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal
Procedure.
Pub. L. 108-21, title III, Sec. 361, Apr. 30, 2003, 117 Stat.
665, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (Secs. 361-363) of
title III of Pub. L. 108-21, enacting part B of subchapter VI of
this chapter] may be cited as the 'Code Adam Act of 2003'."